Swallowing Development

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1. The hard and soft palates form
between 6 - 8 weeks gestation
between 22-24 weeks gestation
between 34-40 weeks gestation
none of the above

2. Which is observable at 10-11 weeks gestation?
mature taste receptors
sucking pads
suckling
pharyngeal swallow

3. Which is true of the pharyngeal structures of infants?
the epiglottis inverts more completely than is seen in adults
the larynx is suspended higher than in adults
the epiglottis occludes the nasopharynx
all of the above

4. Turning of the head in the direction of stimulation applied near the mouth is the
suck reflex
santmyer reflex
rooting reflex
babinski reflex

5. Which is true about infant breathing?
Infants are preferential nose breathers
Infants are preferential mouth breathers
Infants can breathe and swallow simultaneously
Infants breathe only during the pharyngeal phase of the swallow

6. Sucking pads
Take up space in the mouth making the bolus more difficult to control
Take up space in the mouth making the bolus more easy to control
are not present in full-term babies
are more prevalent in children who are breast-fed

7. Non-nutritive sucking
is observed in utero
is caused by overuse of a pacifier
may interfere with tube feedings
none of the above

8. At which age will most infants tolerate spoon-fed purees?
1-2 weeks
4-6 weeks
6-7 months
12-14 months

9. Which of the following will facilitate cup drinking?
active upper lip seal
negative pressure
jaw retraction
jaw stability

10. What physiological development often accompanies the introduction of spoon-feeding?
pulling to a stand
walking
supported sitting
pincer grasp