Rotation
Cn


     The Rotation element involves a 360/n degree rotation about some axis.  The molecule that results from this rotation is indistinguishable from the original.  A molecule with the Cn symmetry element is said to have an n-fold axis of rotation.


     Water has a rotation axis that bisects the H-O-H angle.  Rotation of 180° about this axis gives a molecule indistinguishable from the original.   In this example, n=2 (180 = 360/2).  Thus, water has a two fold axis of rotation, and the Schoenflies symbol is C2.

 


     Chloroform has a rotation axis coincident with the C-H bond.  Rotation of 120° about the C-H bond gives a molecule indistinguishable from the original.   In this example, n=3 (120 = 360/3).  Thus, chloroform has a three fold axis of rotation, and the Schoenflies symbol is C3.

 


     Square planer PtCl42- has four C2 rotation axis, two coincident with Pt-Cl bonds, and two that bisect Cl-Pt-Cl angles.  More importantly, there is also a C4 axis perpendicular to the plane of the five atoms.  Rotation of 90° about this axis gives a molecule indistinguishable from the original.   In this example, n=4 (90 = 360/4).  Thus, PtCl42- has a four fold axis of rotation.